Heamatological Effect of Telfaria occidentalis in Rats

This study evaluated the effect of Telfaria occidentalis diet on haematological indices in rats. 14 male rats were used, they were divided into two groups; control and test. The control group was fed with normal rat feds while the test group was fed with feeds containing 25% by weight of Telfaria occidentalis for 30 days. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and total White Blood Cell count (WBC) were determined. The result shows a significant increase in WBC

Experimental and theoretical studies of (E)-N′-1- (4-propylbenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl

The efficiency of a novel Schiff base namely (E)�N'�1�(4�propylbenzylidene)nicotinohydrazide (PBNH) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl using weight loss technique at 303 and 313 K. It was established that corrosion rate of mild steel increases with increase in temperature and concentration of HCl. Results showed that PBNH considerably inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in a 1 M HCl solution and inhibition efficiency is about 70% at 4 × 10–4 M PBNH at both temperatures. The inhibi� tion efficiency of PBNH increased with an increase in concentration and temperature. The adsorption model obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the kinetic–thermodynamic model and the value of free energy of adsorption, indicated that the adsorption of PBNH was a spontaneous process and was both an elec� trostatic�adsorption (physisorption) and adsorption on the basis of donor�acceptor interactions (chemisorp� tion). Thermodynamic parameters calculated show the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process and also reveal the favourable affinity of PBNH towards the mild steel surface. Quantum chemical calcula� tions based on PM3 method was performed on PBNH and calculated parameters gave useful information to explain the interaction between the surface of metal and PBNH

Antibacterial effects of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and piper guineense on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The upsurge in the prevalence of side effects of many synthetic antimicrobial agents and incidence of multidrug resistant bacteria has spurred scientists on the research for plant based antimicrobial of therapeutic potentials. Ocimum gratissimum and Piper guineense present such potential of high medicinal value. These plants are used in Nigeria traditionally as condiments and for treatment of various ailments such as pyorrhea, dysentery and bronchitis. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. gratissimum and P. guineense leaves were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both extracts were found to exhibit selective inhibition against the isolates. The diameter zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts were between 2 + 0.01 – 10 + 0.10 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by the agar diffusion method was between 10.00 and 2.50 mg/ml-1. Ethanol extracts showed more inhibitory effect compared to the aqueous extracts. Results obtained show that the extracts of O. gratissimum and P. guineense possess some level of antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. Key words: Ocimum gratissimum, Piper guineense, antibacteria

HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BREWERY SPENT GRAINS IN DIETARY PROTEIN FORMULATION IN DONRYU RATS

The increasing production of large tonnage of products in brewing industries continually generates lots of solid waste which includes spent grains, surplus yeast, malt sprout and cullet. The disposal of spent grains is often a problem and poses major health and environmental challenges, thereby making it imminently necessary to explore alternatives for its management. This paper focuses on investigating the effects of Brewery Spent Grain formulated diet on haematological, biochemical, histological and growth performance of Donryu rats. The rats were allocated into six dietary treatment groups and fed on a short-term study with diet containing graded levels of spent grains from 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 100% weight/weight. The outcome demonstrated that formulated diet had a positive effect on the growth performance of the rats up to levels of 6% inclusions, while the haematological and biochemical evaluation revealed that threshold limit should not exceed 9% of the grain. However, the histological study on the liver indicated a limit of 3% inclusion in feed without serious adverse effect. Thus invariably showing that blend between ranges 1-3% is appropriate for the utilization of the waste in human food without adverse effect on the liver organ. The economic advantage accruing from this waste conversion process not only solves problem of waste disposal but also handle issues of malnutrition in feeding ration

Adsorption Behaviour of [(4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2Hpyran- 3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1methyl]-urea on Stainless Steel in Phosphoric Media

The adsorption of [(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)- methyl]-urea on iron in phosphoric media was studied by using electrochemical technique. The adsorption mechanism was investigated using adsorption isotherms. The experimental data fit localized adsorption models. The values for free energy of adsorption, o DGads , were also calculated at each surface coverage, �, of the studied compound by applying the mathematical model of Bockris – Swinkels adsorption isotherm. The variation of free energy of adsorption o ads DG with surface coverage, �, was interpreted in terms of deviation from ideal condition assumed in Langmuir model. A possible adsorption model of HPU2 molecules on to the metal surface was suggested

Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes of mixed antibiotics: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial potential and their effect on alkaline phosphatase activities of selected rat tissues

Two new mixed ligand metal complexes of Fe(III) and Co(II) chloride hexahydrate salts were prepared using standard methods. Ampicillin trihydrate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride antibiotics were used as ligands. Chemical analysis including conductivity measurements, molecular weight determination and spectroscopic studies were used to propose the geometry and mode of binding of the ligands to metal ions. Both ligands were proposed to coordinate to metal ions in ratio 1:1:1 in the complexes. Each of the ligands acted as terdentate ligand. Inhibition properties as well as toxicity effect of administration of the metal complexes at the dose of 3.33 mg/kg body weight thrice daily for 5 days on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities on rat kidney, liver and serum were evaluated. The inhibitory properties of the complexes were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) at the concentration of 1%(w/v) as compared to each of the ligands. The complexes were found to significantly increase (P0.05) in ALP from liver and kidney sera. The results indicated that more potent compounds with better physical properties and enhanced antimicrobial activities upon complexation have been prepared

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and toxicology study of some metal complexes of mixed antibiotics

Mixed ligand metal complexes of ampicillin and chloramphenicol prepared by using Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) metal chloride hexahydrate were reported and characterized based on some physical properties and spectroscopic analysis such as AAS, UV, and IR spectroscopy. The complexes were proposed to have the formulae [ML1L2](Cl)n ( where M= Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III); L1 = ampicillin, L2 = chloramphenicol, and n=2-3). IR spectra suggested that both L1 and L2 coordinated to the metal ions in a terdentate manner with �(O-H), �(C=O) and �(N-H) as donor sites in each of the ligands. From analytical and spectroscopic data obtained, the complexes were proposed to be of octahedral. The synthesized complexes, in compares to their ligands, were also screened for their antibacterial activity against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using agar diffusion method. The activity data showed the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent drugs against the three bacteria species. However, toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes as compared to the parent drugs because the complexes were found to significantly increase (P<0.05) alkaline phosphatase from homogenates of liver and kidney tissues of the tested doses. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in ALP of rat serum. The results generally indicated that more potent compounds with better physical properties and enhanced antimicrobial activities upon complexation have been prepared

Comparative study of microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of novel 2-quinoxalinone-3- hydrazone derivatives and its spectroscopic properties

A series of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-3-hydrazone derivatives, 2a - 8d were synthesized via condensation of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 1, with the corresponding ketones under microwave irradiation. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave hydrazones in higher yield at less reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The chemical structures of the compounds prepared were confirmed by analytical and spectral dat

Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes of sulphadoxine mixed with pyramethamine: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and toxicology study

Two new mixed ligands metal complexes of sulphadoxine and pyramethamine were prepared by using CuCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductivity, metal content analysis (AAS), IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] (where M1 = Cu(II), M2 = Fe(III)), L1 = sulphadoxine, L2 = pyramethamine). The spectroscopic data proposed L1 to be a monodentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 group in both complexes. Also, L2 was proposed to be tridentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 groups and through N atom of imine group. However, [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] were proposed to possess distorted octahedral geometry. Conductivity measurement values supported the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic bacteria [g(+) Escherichia coli, g(+) Proteus species, g(+) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and g(+) Salmonella typhi] by using disc diffusion method. Obtained results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited better antibacterial activities as compared to the ligands. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes in the kidney as compared to the parent drugs. [M1L1L2(Cl)2] was found to be toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats used, while [M2L1L2(Cl)3] was found to be non-toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats as their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values showed non-significant difference to the control value

Antibacterial effects of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and piper guineense on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The upsurge in the prevalence of side effects of many synthetic antimicrobial agents and incidence of multidrug resistant bacteria has spurred scientists on the research for plant based antimicrobial of therapeutic potentials. Ocimum gratissimum and Piper guineense present such potential of high medicinal value. These plants are used in Nigeria traditionally as condiments and for treatment of various ailments such as pyorrhea, dysentery and bronchitis. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. gratissimum and P. guineense leaves were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both extracts were found to exhibit selective inhibition against the isolates. The diameter zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts were between 2 + 0.01 – 10 + 0.10 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by the agar diffusion method was between 10.00 and 2.50 mg/ml-1. Ethanol extracts showed more inhibitory effect compared to the aqueous extracts. Results obtained show that the extracts of O. gratissimum and P. guineense possess some level of antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus